Group: 'Doomsday Clock' Unchanged at 90 Seconds to Midnight
2024-01-25
LRC
TXT
大字
小字
滚动
全页
1A nonprofit group called Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is again bringing attention to crises around the world with its "Doomsday Clock."
2The group describes the Doomsday Clock as a measure of the risk of worldwide disaster.
3On Tuesday, the group kept its "clock" set at 90 seconds to midnight, the same position as last year.
4The group noted Russia's nuclear weapons activities during the Ukraine war, nuclear-armed Israel's war in Gaza and climate change.
5The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists considers midnight to be the point of total world destruction.
6The group says its clock is based on "existential" risks to Earth and its people.
7Those includes nuclear threats, climate change and technologies like artificial intelligence and new biotechnology.
8Rachel Bronson is the Bulletin's president and CEO. She told Reuters news service that keeping the clock unchanged from the year earlier does not mean that the world is stable.
9The group said on Tuesday that dangerous trends continue to point toward disaster.
10China, Russia, and the United States are all modernizing their nuclear weapons.
11The group said that increases the risk of a nuclear war through a mistake or misunderstanding.
12Russia's invasion of Ukraine began nearly two years ago and has increased tensions with the West to their highest levels since the Cold War.
13An "end to Russia's war in Ukraine seems distant, and the use of nuclear weapons by Russia in that conflict remains a serious possibility.
14In the past year Russia has sent numerous worrying nuclear signals," Bronson said.
15Bronson noted Russian President Vladimir Putin's February 2023 decision to suspend Russian involvement in the New START treaty with the United States.
16That treaty limited the nuclear supplies of the two countries.
17The United States and Russia together hold almost 90 percent of the world's nuclear weapons.
18Bronson also noted Putin's March decision to send nuclear weapons to Belarus and the Russian withdrawal of approval for a treaty banning nuclear tests.
19Russian expert Sergei Karaganov last year supported threatening to carry out nuclear strikes in Europe to frighten Russia's enemies.
20Alexander Glaser of Princeton University is a member of the group's board of experts on nuclear technology and climate science.
21"The picture is quite bleak on the nuclear side this year," he said.
22Nuclear-armed Israel has been at war with Hamas since the Palestinian Islamist group, based in Gaza, launched attacks in southern Israel in October 2023.
23Bronson said the conflict risks becoming a big war in the Middle East.
24Climate change was added as an issue affecting the clock in 2007.
25Bronson noted that 2023 was the hottest year on record since satellite measurement of temperatures started in 1979.
26She also said fossil fuel emissions continue to rise.
27Bronson said that 2023 was a record-breaking year for clean energy with $1.7 trillion in new investments.
28But fossil fuel investments also totaled nearly $1 trillion.
29Bronson called current efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions not enough.
30She said the results of climate change "disproportionately affect the poorest people in the world."
31The Chicago-based nonprofit created the clock in 1947 at the beginning of the Cold War.
32The Bulletin was founded in 1945 by a group including scientists Albert Einstein and Robert Oppenheimer.
33I'm Caty Weaver.
1A nonprofit group called Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is again bringing attention to crises around the world with its "Doomsday Clock." 2The group describes the Doomsday Clock as a measure of the risk of worldwide disaster. On Tuesday, the group kept its "clock" set at 90 seconds to midnight, the same position as last year. The group noted Russia's nuclear weapons activities during the Ukraine war, nuclear-armed Israel's war in Gaza and climate change. 3The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists considers midnight to be the point of total world destruction. The group says its clock is based on "existential" risks to Earth and its people. Those includes nuclear threats, climate change and technologies like artificial intelligence and new biotechnology. 4Rachel Bronson is the Bulletin's president and CEO. She told Reuters news service that keeping the clock unchanged from the year earlier does not mean that the world is stable. 5The group said on Tuesday that dangerous trends continue to point toward disaster. China, Russia, and the United States are all modernizing their nuclear weapons. The group said that increases the risk of a nuclear war through a mistake or misunderstanding. 6Russia's invasion of Ukraine began nearly two years ago and has increased tensions with the West to their highest levels since the Cold War. An "end to Russia's war in Ukraine seems distant, and the use of nuclear weapons by Russia in that conflict remains a serious possibility. In the past year Russia has sent numerous worrying nuclear signals," Bronson said. 7Bronson noted Russian President Vladimir Putin's February 2023 decision to suspend Russian involvement in the New START treaty with the United States. That treaty limited the nuclear supplies of the two countries. The United States and Russia together hold almost 90 percent of the world's nuclear weapons. 8Bronson also noted Putin's March decision to send nuclear weapons to Belarus and the Russian withdrawal of approval for a treaty banning nuclear tests. Russian expert Sergei Karaganov last year supported threatening to carry out nuclear strikes in Europe to frighten Russia's enemies. 9Alexander Glaser of Princeton University is a member of the group's board of experts on nuclear technology and climate science. 10"The picture is quite bleak on the nuclear side this year," he said. 11Nuclear-armed Israel has been at war with Hamas since the Palestinian Islamist group, based in Gaza, launched attacks in southern Israel in October 2023. Bronson said the conflict risks becoming a big war in the Middle East. 12Climate change was added as an issue affecting the clock in 2007. Bronson noted that 2023 was the hottest year on record since satellite measurement of temperatures started in 1979. She also said fossil fuel emissions continue to rise. 13Bronson said that 2023 was a record-breaking year for clean energy with $1.7 trillion in new investments. But fossil fuel investments also totaled nearly $1 trillion. Bronson called current efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions not enough. She said the results of climate change "disproportionately affect the poorest people in the world." 14The Chicago-based nonprofit created the clock in 1947 at the beginning of the Cold War. The Bulletin was founded in 1945 by a group including scientists Albert Einstein and Robert Oppenheimer. 15I'm Caty Weaver. 16Dan Novak adapted this story for VOA Learning English based on reporting by Reuters. 17___________________________________________ 18Words in This Story 19doomsday - n. the day that the world ends or is destroyed 20existential - adj. having to do with existence itself 21stable -adj. not likely to change; steady in nature 22trend -n. the direction of change 23bleak - adj. not hopeful 24fossil fuel - n. carbon fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal 25emission - n. something that is released into the air 26greenhouse gas -n. a gas that is believed to cause the atmosphere to get warmer 27disproportionate - adj. affecting one side more than the other